硼对平邑甜茶幼苗硝态氮吸收、利用及分配特性的影响

以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,运用~(15)N同位素示踪和非损伤微测技术,研究了不同供硼(硼酸0、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0和6.0 mg·L~(-1))水平对平邑甜茶根系生长及氮素吸收、利用和分配特性的影响。结果表明,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理的幼苗根系活力及根系形态指标显著高于其他处理,幼苗的全氮量及~(15)N吸收量增幅最大,分别比对照提高了19.4%和75.0%。随供硼水平的增加,植株氮素利用率呈现先增高后降低的趋势,在3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理时最大,为14.8%,是对照的1.8倍。施硼处理对幼苗的~(15)N分配率有一定的影响,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理的根系~(15)N分配率达到最大,且显著高于对照。非损伤微测结果显示,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理时,平邑甜茶根系对NO_3~-有强烈吸收且内流速度达到最大,在缺硼和高硼(硼酸0和6.0 mg·L~(-1))处理时有明显外排趋势。因此,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理最有利于平邑甜茶根系的生长、根系活力的提高和氮素的吸收利用,而低硼和过量供硼均会抑制根系生长及氮素的吸收利用。     

我国都市农业问题研究的学术影响力分析——基于1991-2012年CNKI论文数据的分析

在党和政府高度重视都市农业问题研究的同时,越来越多的学者投入到都市农业问题的研究中,学术界对于都市农业问题的研究日益升温。基于CNKI数据库1991～2012年中关于都市农业问题研究的研究文献获得有关数据,从都市农业问题研究的年代分布、研究人员分布、研究机构分布、学术影响力、学科分布5个方面进行探讨。通过数据分析得出:都市农业问题研究的优势资源主要集中在北京和东部沿海发达省市;研究机构主要集中在高等院校;都市农业问题的研究热点主要集中在农业经济研究领域。建议应加大西部地区的资源配置与研究力度,促进西部地区都市农业问题的研究。     

甘肃省兴隆山区域丛枝菌根真菌多样性初探

本研究采用Illumina HiSeq分子测序技术,探究了兴隆山东山丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌多样性及其在不同海拔高度的分布特征。结果表明:1)自兴隆山东山土壤分离获得AM真菌共52种,隶属于4目8科13属,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)和原囊霉属(Archaeospora)为主要物种,分别为20种和9种,共占总物种的55.77%;2)各海拔梯度AM真菌种属分布结果表明,优势属球囊霉属(Glomus)和类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)随海拔变化呈现规律性分布,其余各属均匀分布于不同海拔梯度;球状巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora margarita)、蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、白色球囊霉(Glomus albidum)、球囊霉属的Glomus sp.1和Glomus sp.4,还有弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystis sinuosa)仅在部分海拔梯度出现,为不同海拔特有种;3)AM真菌丰富度分析表明,从低海拔到高海拔,ACE和Chao1指数总体上表现出“单峰”变化曲线,且部分海拔间差异性显著(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析发现,该地区AM真菌种属分布受海拔因子影响较小,两者间不具有显著相关性。综上,兴隆山东山AM真菌资源丰富,物种繁多,具有较大的应用潜力。     

以全产业链思维优化甘肃省“粮改饲”生产力布局

用全产业链思维优化“粮改饲”生产力布局具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。本文以甘肃省为例,总结甘肃省“粮改饲”工作已取得的工作成效和不足,论述了“粮改饲”构建全产业链的必要性,初步探讨了甘肃省“粮改饲”全产业链模式和布局优化,并提出完善相关支持政策、培育壮大龙头企业、高度重视品牌建设和创新科技带动引领4条对策建议。 [关键词]全产业链|粮改饲|生产力布局|甘肃省     

放牧强度对荒漠草原一年生植物刺穗藜种群特征及空间分布的影响

为探讨不同放牧强度下一年生植物种群特征及空间分布的变化特点及差异,本研究以内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原一年生植物刺穗藜（Chenopodium aristatum）为对象,分析了围封对照（CK）、轻度放牧（Light grazing）、中度放牧（Moderate grazing）和重度放牧（Heavy grazing）下刺穗藜种群特征（密度、单株重、株高、比叶面积、叶片/茎/根系干物质含量、叶片全碳、氮含量）,种群变异性及其空间分布。结果表明：放牧显著影响刺穗藜种群密度（P<0.05）,但对其比叶面积、叶片/根系干物质含量及叶片全碳、氮含量无显著影响;总体而言,放牧使刺穗藜种群密度增加,但对其种群性状影响较小;放牧使得刺穗藜种群相对密度增大（P<0.05）,并造成其种群变异性降低（P<0.05）;对刺穗藜种群空间分布模拟发现,放牧使得刺穗藜种群空间分布均匀,空间异质性降低。在草地利用过程中,一年生植物种群特征及其空间分布可能对群落结构造成影响,对其进行相关研究很有必要。     

Diel differences in blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia

The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). From 2014 to 2019, during 6 separate research cruises, the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags (DTAGs), generating ≈190 h of data. Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime (day: 32.6 ± 18.7 m; night: 6.2 ± 2.7 m; P < 0.01). During the night, most time was spent close to the surface (86% ± 9.4%; P < 0.01) and at depths of less than 12 m. From 2016 to 2019, active acoustics (scientific echosounders) were used to record prey (euphausiids) density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data. Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day. The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also ≈12 m. In recent decades, northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry. Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region. Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.     

基于高斯自适应拟合的苹果目标分割方法研究

苹果目标的准确识别是苹果机械化采摘需要解决的关键问题之一。为此,基于YUV颜色空间模型,提出了一种结合色差分量与高斯自适应拟合算法的苹果目标分割方法。该方法采用首先将苹果目标由RGB颜色空间转换至YUV颜色空间,并利用色差分量V建立果实与背景分割的高斯分布拟合模型,根据拟合结果自动获取分割阈值,以实现自然场景下苹果目标的准确分割。为了验证文中算法的有效性,利用多幅图像进行了试验并与Otsu自适应阈值分割算法进行了比较。试验结果表明,采用文中算法得到的苹果果实的平均检出率达87.08%,识别率领先Otsu算法9.91%。因此,对于着色度较为均匀的苹果目标,采用高斯自适应拟合方法可以有效提高其识别率。     

Content and distribution of different phosphorus forms in broiler chickens

To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.     

江苏省高品质棉生产经营现状与发展对策

江苏省是全国产棉大省,在全国占有重要地位.近年来,江苏高品质棉有了很大发展,但也面临一些问题,如品种单一,缺乏有效的产销衔接等.本文提出了江苏高品质棉优势区域发展战略措施.